• Pharynx: A membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, bifurcating into the wind-pipe (larynx) and food-pipe (esophagus).
• Nasopharynx: The upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.
• Airway: The passage by which air reaches a person's lungs.
• Sleep Apnea: Sleep apnea is a type of sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during sleep.
• ENT: Abbreviation for ears, nose and throat. A field of medicine.
• Hypoplastic: Atrophy, the wasting away of already existing cells.
• Maxilla: The jaw or jawbone.
• Palate: The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose.
• Sinus: A cavity within a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities.
• Upper respiratory tract: Involves the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
• Eustachian tube: A narrow passage leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear, permitting the equalization of pressure on each side of the eardrum.
• Anaesthesia: Insensitivity to pain, especially as artificially induced by the administration of the injection of drugs before surgical operations.
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.